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Hardness Tester

Jinan Kason: Leading Professional Hardness Tester Manufacturer and Supplier in China

We have specialized in developing and manufacturing metal, non-metal and composite material testing equipment for many years and have served customers from more than 150 countries and regions. As a professional testing equipment factory, our advantages are specifically reflected in

Complete Production Facilities

Our company has production and office facilities such as scientific research office building, electrical installation and commissioning building, final assembly workshop, heavy machine workshop, machining workshop, blanking workshop, painting workshop, measuring room, product showroom, etc.

Diverse Product Types

Our main products include hydraulic universal testing machines, electronic universal testing machines, compression testing machines, spring testing machines, impact testing machines, torsion testing machines, hardness testers, and testing machine accessories.

Rich Service Experience

Our products are exported to international markets such as Germany, the United States, Spain, Australia, Italy, South Africa, South Korea, Pakistan, Malaysia, Thailand, and Singapore. We have a professional pre-sale, sales and after-sales service team to provide strong technical support and professional services to domestic and foreign users.

Professional Qualification Certification

Our company has successfully passed ISO9001 quality system, ISO14000 environmental management system, occupational health and safety management system, and CE certification. The company has obtained a total of 22 authorized national patents, including 2 national invention patents, 13 national utility model patents, and 7 national design patents.

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Brief Introduction to Hardness Testers
 

Hardness testers use indenters shaped as pyramids and balls to press, hit or scratch objects in order to cause deformation. We will then judge the objects as being harder when the deformations are smaller. Modern hardness testing began with the Brinell hardness test. In order to make hardness absolute, we need to measure it using a hard probe, something that does not deform against any object. The hardness will then be judged quantitatively from the deformation of the object.

Rockwell Hardness Testing Machine Working Principle

 

Use a proven hardness testing machine to press a diamond ball cone indenter or a tungsten carbide (or steel) ball indenter into the surface of the material being tested under specified conditions, and measure the indentation depth difference. The test is divided into three steps: force application and force removal:

Pen Type Leeb Hardness Tester

Step 1

Make the indenter contact the specimen and apply a pre-test force. After maintaining the preliminary test force for the specified dwell time, measure the baseline depth of the indentation.

Knoop Micro Hardness Tester

Step 2

The force on the indenter is increased at a controlled rate by adding additional test force to obtain the total test force. The total test force is maintained for the specified dwell time.

Three Cylinders Vertical Hydraulic Bending Testing Machine

Step 3

Remove the additional test force and return to the initial test force. After maintaining the pre-test force for the dwell time specified, measure the final indentation depth. The Rockwell hardness value is derived from the difference between the final indentation depth and the baseline indentation depth under the initial test force. Remove the preliminary test force and move the indenter away from the specimen.

Manual Spring Compression and Extension Testing Machine

Benefits of Hardness Testers

Here are a few of the main benefits that using digital hardness testers can provide:

Accurate and Precise Measurements

One of the primary benefits of a digital hardness tester is its accuracy and precision. No matter how accurate a person thinks they are in measuring and writing down data, there is always a chance for human error. In most cases, the purpose of doing the hardness test is too important to leave room for error. With the use of advanced sensors and software digital hardness testers measure the hardness of material accurately with little to no room for error. The digital display also allows for precise readings, which are essential for quality control and ensuring that products meet industry standards.

User-Friendly Interface

To stay on the point of getting accurate readings, you need to be able to understand the data that is coming from the hardness tester, and easily control the tester to dial in the exact tests you need. Digital hardness testers are designed with a user-friendly interface, making them easy to use. The digital display provides clear and concise readings, and the tester's controls are straightforward and intuitive. This ease of use ensures that operators can quickly learn how to use the tester, reducing the chances of errors and produces more accurate readings. This in turn produces test results engineers and manufacturers can trust.

Automating Test Procedures and Results

An automatic hardness system typically consists of a fully controllable tester, including an auto-rotating or revolving turret and actuation in the Z axis either from the head/indenter housing or from a spindle-driven system for both applying the indent at a predetermined force as well as for focusing the specimen. Add to this a desktop or laptop computer with dedicated hardness software installed, an automatic XY traversing motorized stage and a USB video camera, and the result is a powerful, fully automatic hardness testing system.

Cost Effective in the Long Term

While digital hardness testers may have a higher upfront cost compared to traditional hardness testers, they offer long-term cost savings. The accuracy and precision of digital hardness testers reduce the need for additional testing and reduce waste, saving costs in the long run. The ability to measure the hardness of various materials using a single instrument also reduces the need for multiple instruments, further reducing costs.

 
Hardness Testers Parameters (Take Digital Rockwell Hardness Tester as an Example)

 

Model HTR-150S
Measuring Range 20-88HRA, 20-100HRB, 20-70HRC
All Testing Force 60 KGF (588.4N), 100 KGF (980.7N), 150 KGF(1471N)
Max. Height Of Specimen 210 mm
Max. Depth Of Specimen 165 mm
Min. Scale Value 0.1HR
Indication Of Hardness Value Digital Display With Large LCD Screen
Net Weight 98 KG
Overall Dimension 522 x 220 x 729mm (L×W×H)

Types of Hardness Testers

There are 7 main types of hardness tester:

 

 

Digital Display Small Capacity Single Column Universal Testing Machine

Rockwell Hardness Tester

Rockwell hardness testers are the most commonly used of all the types of hardness testers. The Rockwell method offers a quick and accurate measure of hardness on almost all metals and some plastics (see Rockwell scales below). The wide range of scales used within the Rockwell method makes it suitable for many applications. However, despite its versatility, it does lack practicality when measuring smaller objects, for which other types of hardness testers are needed.

Brinell Hardness Tester

Brinell hardness test method as used to determine Brinell hardness, is defined in ASTM E10. Most commonly it is used to test materials that have a structure that is too coarse or that have a surface that is too rough to be tested using another test method, e.g., castings and forgings. Brinell testing often use a very high test load (3000kgf) and a 10mm wide indenter so that the resulting indentation averages out most surface and sub-surface inconsistencies.

Vickers Hardness Tester

Developed as an alternative to Brinell, the Vickers method was created by Smith and Sandland while working at Vickers Ltd in 1924. Vickers hardness testers are known as microhardness testers. They are types of hardness testers that have a wide-ranging scale, while low forces and a shallow indentation enable the measurement of soft metals and thin materials such as foil. They are also used to measure small individual parts or small sections of larger samples.

Knoop Hardness Tester

An alternative to Vickers, the Knoop hardness test is a microhardness test used particularly for very brittle materials or thin sheets. The small size and shape of the indenter on these types of hardness testers allow this. The diamond shape is elongated, increasing the surface area of the indentation. This spreads the force out, and a less concentrated force area means the brittle materials are less likely to break under test. Thin ceramics are an example of this.

Webster Hardness Tester

Webster hardness testing method originated in the United States. It is used in small hand-held devices, where force is applied from a spring-loaded handle. Webster testers are types of hardness testers that are easy and quick to use, with the hardness result read directly from the indicator with a simple clamp. It is commonly used for on-site quality inspection and can test aluminum alloys, brass, copper and mild steel. Nonetheless, its main use is for measuring slabs.

Shore Hardness Tester

Shore hardness testers (shore durometers) are types of hardness testers used for measuring the hardness of rubbers and plastics. There are generally two further subcategories of Shore hardness types that include Shore A and Shore D. Shore hardness instrument works by a spring-loaded steel rod with a bevelled cone at the tip. The test sample is positioned straight under the bevelled cone. The hardness tester is then pressed against the material until the flat metal plate in the bottom is level with the elastomer sample.

Leeb Hardness Tester

Leeb hardness testing method, also known as the Equotip method, was first invented by a swiss company in 1975. This method measures the velocity of rebound when a carbide ball or diamond-tipped head is propelled onto a surface. Standardised in ASTM A956-17, Leeb hardness testers are suitable for testing larger workpieces, over 5KG. Suitable for use on most metallic materials, the sample must have a prepared, smooth finish for an accurate reading.
Standards that Should be Followed When Using a Hardness Testing Machine to Test Hardness

Different hardness testing methods have different standards. Generally speaking, the internationally recognized hardness testing standards are those promulgated by ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) and ISO (International Organization for Standardization). Listed below are common ASTM and ISO standards for hardness testing of four of the most popular metallic materials:

 

  • ASTM E10:This standard covers Brinell hardness testing in metallic samples.

  • ASTM E18:This standard includes the various ways that Rockwell hardness can be measured by standard methods, specifically for metallic materials.

  • ASTM E384:This standard is for hardness testing on a micro-scale, and therefore includes the Vickers and Knoop hardness tests.

  • ISO 6506:This standard mirrors ASTM E10, as it contains the standard method for measuring the Brinell hardness of metals.

  • ISO 6507:This standard contains the details for the Vickers hardness test in metallic materials.

  • ISO 6508:This standard is very similar to ASTM E18, as it deals with the Rockwell hardness tests, both superficial and regular, for metallic samples.

  • ISO 4545:This standard covers Knoop hardness testing for metals.

Universal Testing Machine 1000kn
 
How to Choose a Hardness Tester?

Here are the main elements to consider before choosing a hardness tester:

Test Load
This is determined by the hardness of the material. Metals such as steel or alloys, for example, require test loads of up to 3,000 KGF, while soft metals require only 500 KGF. The higher the load, the higher the accuracy. It is important to note that the impression should not exceed 1/10 of the thickness of the sample.
Hardness Range
Determines the material of the indenter. Over 650 HB/30 hardness, you should favor a diamond indenter. Below this value, steel or hard metal indenters are suitable.
Accuracy Level
Depends on the surface to be measured (cleanliness, flat surface, static or dynamic system, etc.).
Adaptability of Device
Its importance varies according to the shape and size of the samples to be tested.
 
Our Certifications

 

Our company has obtained the following certificates

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Factory Pictures

 

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Ultimate Guide

Q: What is the mechanism of hardness tester?

A: The operation of most tablet hardness testers can be broken down to a simple movement of a bar, or jaw, which compresses the tablet between two hard plates, forcing it to crack under the pressure and thus, determining the force required.

Q: What is the working principle of portable hardness tester?

A: Portable Leeb hardness test is conducted using the Rebound method. The hardness value is derived from the energy loss of a defined impact body after impacting on a metal sample.

Q: What is the most common method of hardness testing?

A: Rockwell testing is the most commonly used method by virtue of the quick results generated and is typically used on metals and alloys. Knoop and Vickers testing are more suitable for thin materials, coatings, and mounted metallographic components.

Q: How do you use a manual hardness tester?

A: Place specimen or Rockwell test block on the anvil. Make sure the underside of the specimen is free from scale and burrs. Raise specimen into contact with the indenter/penetrator by turning the capstan handwheel clockwise. Continue turning until the small pointer is near the black zone or dot.

Q: What is the purpose of Vickers hardness tester?

A: In most cases, the Vickers hardness test is used to determine hardness in materials in the micro hardness test load range. However, the Knoop hardness test is often used when hardness testing thin layers, such as coatings, or to overcome the problem of cracking in brittle materials.

Q: What is the difference between Rockwell and Vickers tester?

A: The Rockwell method requires no material prep, and it is one of the most deployed metal hardness tests due to its easy readability of hardness value and cheaper to execute. The Vickers method, on the other hand, requires material prepping and incurs a higher cost of operation.

Q: How is hardness defined?

A: Hardness is the resistance of a material to localized plastic deformation. Hardness ranges from super hard materials such as diamond, boron-carbide to other ceramics and hard metals to soft metals and down to plastics and soft tissues.

Q: Which hardness test is more accurate?

A: Rockwell test. The most commonly applied and generally accurate hardness test is the Rockwell test, as defined in ASTM E-18.

Q: What is the minimum thickness for Vickers hardness test?

A: This minimum specimen thickness (in mm) must be 1.5 times the average diagonal length of the indentation and can be taken from the graph.

Q: What is the difference between Rockwell and shore hardness?

A: While both measure the resistance of plastics towards indentation - the higher the number means a higher hardness of your material - Shore hardness uses either the Shore A or Shore D scale. The Rockwell method, meanwhile, is used for 'harder' plastics: Polycarbonate.

Q: What is the difference between Brinell and Rockwell hardness testing machine?

A: The Brinell hardness testing uses a 10mm hardened steel ball, while the Rockwell test uses either a much smaller steel ball (<4mm) or a diamond cone, depending on the material being tested. The Rockwell test measure the depth of the indentation, while the Brinell test measures the width of the indentation.

Q: What is Vickers hardness test also known as?

A: The Vickers hardness test method, also referred to as a microhardness test method, is mostly used for small parts, thin sections, or case depth work.

Q: Which are factors that affects Vickers hardness test?

A: Evaluation of measurements greatly depends on surface quality of the block for the Vickers measurement, therefore a higher importance has been attributed to this effect. Hardness ununiformity of the block is of a random character.

Q: What precautions should be taken during using a hardness tester?

A: Always wear eye protection when using the Rockwell hardness tester. Specimen Geometry. Avoid irregular shapes. Hardness test specimens should have parallel top and bottom surfaces.

Q: What is the use of hardness testing machine?

A: The main purpose of hardness testing is to determine the suitability of a material, or the specific treatment it has undergone. The quantitative value of hardness should always be evaluated based on the following relationships: the type of indenter and its geometry, the given load on the indenter.

Q: How do you calibrate a hardness tester?

A: The calibration process involves verifying the condition of the anvil and indenter, then running five hardness tests on three certified hardness test blocks, representing the high, middle and low ranges on all scales being verified.

We're well-known as one of the leading hardness tester manufacturers in China. Please rest assured to buy high quality hardness tester for sale here from our factory. For price consultation, contact us.

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